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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=94TT1084>
<title>
Aug. 22, 1994: Rwanda:Hope Battles Fear
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
Aug. 22, 1994 Stee-rike!
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
RWANDA, Page 53
Hope Battles Fear
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Braving tales of Tutsi vengeance, a few Hutu have struggled
safely back to a silent, desolate capital
</p>
<p>By Bruce W. Nelan--Reported by Marguerite Michaels/Kigali
</p>
<p> It looked like an episode of roadside vengeance. About 30 miles
southwest of the capital city of Kigali, four Tutsi, one of
them a soldier of the victorious Rwandan Patriotic Front, stood
around a Hutu man in his 50s. He was barefoot and dressed in
a torn shirt and baggy pants. A dirty strip of blue-and-white
fabric roped his elbows tight behind his back. His three young
accusers shouted that the Hutu was a member of a militia group
that had slaughtered Tutsi and political moderates earlier this
year. They had seen him beat an old woman to death with a hoe,
they yelled; they had just come back to their town to find the
Hutu still in his house, a free man. The suspect stared fixedly
at the soldier, repeating over and over in a low voice, "I didn't
kill anyone. I didn't kill anyone."
</p>
<p> At the R.P.F. checkpoint just up the road, the soldier handed
the Hutu prisoner over to one of his uniformed comrades, who
shoved him behind a stand of trees. Was the man mistreated?
Was he killed? That question writ large is preoccupying the
whole of Rwanda. Are the Tutsi who now rule the country killing
many, some, or any of the Hutu who have returned to their homes?
</p>
<p> There are plenty of rumors, but little hard evidence. Nevertheless,
fear of Tutsi revenge for 500,000 murders keeps more than 2
million Rwandan refugees huddled in disease-ridden camps along
the country's borders. Some observers believe the horrifying
stories are not just propaganda from defeated extremists of
the Rwandan army. A U.N. relief official claims large numbers
of Hutu are still fleeing from Rwanda: "They are scared of something,
and it's not other Hutu." Two weeks ago, he says, U.N. aid workers
driving near the border with Burundi saw about 50 bodies lying
beside the road. "They weren't able to stop," he says, "because
there were so many R.P.F. soldiers around." Last week a new
wave of Hutu refugees began crossing into Zaire from the southwest
zone that has been secured by French troops. The French are
pulling out Aug. 22, and the Hutu are afraid the R.P.F. is preparing
to exact vengeance; relief officials fear a second mass exodus.
</p>
<p> Only a few hundred refugees each day summon up the courage to
leave the festering camps in Zaire to head the other way. Whatever
might be happening out in the countryside, the trickle of Rwandans
who reach Kigali enter a city of eerie quiet. Fewer than 100,000
of the 350,000 people who lived in the capital four months ago
are there now. There is no electricity, no phone service, only
partial water supply. Businesses and factories are shuttered.
</p>
<p> Julie and Pascal Munyanziza and their two children, who had
fled to the south, made the journey back to their tidy three-room
house in a mixed Tutsi and Hutu section of Kigali. They found
all the windows broken and much of the furniture gone, but the
windows have been patched and the house now bears a handwritten
sign: IYINZU BANYIRAYO BARAHARI (The owner is here). "If you
don't mark your house," says Munyanziza, "someone will take
it."
</p>
<p> Though he is a Hutu, the former government's militia came to
kill him in May because, Munyanziza says, he was not a member
of the ruling party. The hit squad dumped him into a pit and
threw rocks on him, but a friend rescued him. His next-door
neighbor, Albert Rurangirwa, also a Hutu, is back in his house
too, after fleeing in May. He learned that his father had been
killed by militia, and "I don't even know where to look for
my brothers and sisters." But since they all returned last month,
says Munyanziza, "there have been no problems with the R.P.F."
</p>
<p> Nor have they encountered any hostility from the Tutsi families
living in the area. "The Tutsi have the same problems we do,"
says Rurangirwa. "No work, no money." Munyanziza wonders, though,
how they will get along with the Tutsi who are now returning
to the capital from years of exile in Uganda and Burundi. "We
don't know them," he says, "but they have food, money, and they
have taken over empty houses."
</p>
<p> With things so quiet in the capital, the returnees allow themselves
to hope for a gradual return to normality. Still, Rwandans are
well aware of their bloody past, and they have doubts. Munyanziza's
wife Julie points to two paintings still hanging on her living-room
wall: one shows a man climbing up a tree as a crocodile and
a lion attack him; the other shows the same man running away
in fear from the lion and the crocodile, while a snake winds
down the tree where he had sought refuge. "They are a souvenir
of all the problems in Rwanda," she says. Augustin Makama, a
Tutsi exile who has just returned from Uganda, does not entirely
dismiss the reports of Tutsi reprisals in the countryside. Most
of the stories are propaganda, he says--and pauses. "Some,
I don't know. What might someone do if he meets the man who
killed his children?"
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>